'\" t
.\"     Title: git-ls-files
.\"    Author: [FIXME: author] [see http://www.docbook.org/tdg5/en/html/author]
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 01/13/2023
.\"    Manual: Git Manual
.\"    Source: Git 2.39.1
.\"  Language: English
.\"
.TH "GIT\-LS\-FILES" "1" "01/13/2023" "Git 2\&.39\&.1" "Git Manual"
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.SH "NAME"
git-ls-files \- Show information about files in the index and the working tree
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.sp
.nf
\fIgit ls\-files\fR [\-z] [\-t] [\-v] [\-f]
                [\-c|\-\-cached] [\-d|\-\-deleted] [\-o|\-\-others] [\-i|\-\-ignored]
                [\-s|\-\-stage] [\-u|\-\-unmerged] [\-k|\-\-killed] [\-m|\-\-modified]
                [\-\-directory [\-\-no\-empty\-directory]] [\-\-eol]
                [\-\-deduplicate]
                [\-x <pattern>|\-\-exclude=<pattern>]
                [\-X <file>|\-\-exclude\-from=<file>]
                [\-\-exclude\-per\-directory=<file>]
                [\-\-exclude\-standard]
                [\-\-error\-unmatch] [\-\-with\-tree=<tree\-ish>]
                [\-\-full\-name] [\-\-recurse\-submodules]
                [\-\-abbrev[=<n>]] [\-\-format=<format>] [\-\-] [<file>\&...]
.fi
.sp
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.sp
This merges the file listing in the index with the actual working directory list, and shows different combinations of the two\&.
.sp
One or more of the options below may be used to determine the files shown:
.SH "OPTIONS"
.PP
\-c, \-\-cached
.RS 4
Show cached files in the output (default)
.RE
.PP
\-d, \-\-deleted
.RS 4
Show deleted files in the output
.RE
.PP
\-m, \-\-modified
.RS 4
Show modified files in the output
.RE
.PP
\-o, \-\-others
.RS 4
Show other (i\&.e\&. untracked) files in the output
.RE
.PP
\-i, \-\-ignored
.RS 4
Show only ignored files in the output\&. When showing files in the index, print only those matched by an exclude pattern\&. When showing "other" files, show only those matched by an exclude pattern\&. Standard ignore rules are not automatically activated, therefore at least one of the
\fB\-\-exclude*\fR
options is required\&.
.RE
.PP
\-s, \-\-stage
.RS 4
Show staged contents\*(Aq mode bits, object name and stage number in the output\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-directory
.RS 4
If a whole directory is classified as "other", show just its name (with a trailing slash) and not its whole contents\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-no\-empty\-directory
.RS 4
Do not list empty directories\&. Has no effect without \-\-directory\&.
.RE
.PP
\-u, \-\-unmerged
.RS 4
Show unmerged files in the output (forces \-\-stage)
.RE
.PP
\-k, \-\-killed
.RS 4
Show files on the filesystem that need to be removed due to file/directory conflicts for checkout\-index to succeed\&.
.RE
.PP
\-z
.RS 4
\e0 line termination on output and do not quote filenames\&. See OUTPUT below for more information\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-deduplicate
.RS 4
When only filenames are shown, suppress duplicates that may come from having multiple stages during a merge, or giving
\fB\-\-deleted\fR
and
\fB\-\-modified\fR
option at the same time\&. When any of the
\fB\-t\fR,
\fB\-\-unmerged\fR, or
\fB\-\-stage\fR
option is in use, this option has no effect\&.
.RE
.PP
\-x <pattern>, \-\-exclude=<pattern>
.RS 4
Skip untracked files matching pattern\&. Note that pattern is a shell wildcard pattern\&. See EXCLUDE PATTERNS below for more information\&.
.RE
.PP
\-X <file>, \-\-exclude\-from=<file>
.RS 4
Read exclude patterns from <file>; 1 per line\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-exclude\-per\-directory=<file>
.RS 4
Read additional exclude patterns that apply only to the directory and its subdirectories in <file>\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-exclude\-standard
.RS 4
Add the standard Git exclusions: \&.git/info/exclude, \&.gitignore in each directory, and the user\(cqs global exclusion file\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-error\-unmatch
.RS 4
If any <file> does not appear in the index, treat this as an error (return 1)\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-with\-tree=<tree\-ish>
.RS 4
When using \-\-error\-unmatch to expand the user supplied <file> (i\&.e\&. path pattern) arguments to paths, pretend that paths which were removed in the index since the named <tree\-ish> are still present\&. Using this option with
\fB\-s\fR
or
\fB\-u\fR
options does not make any sense\&.
.RE
.PP
\-t
.RS 4
This feature is semi\-deprecated\&. For scripting purpose,
\fBgit-status\fR(1)
\fB\-\-porcelain\fR
and
\fBgit-diff-files\fR(1)
\fB\-\-name\-status\fR
are almost always superior alternatives, and users should look at
\fBgit-status\fR(1)
\fB\-\-short\fR
or
\fBgit-diff\fR(1)
\fB\-\-name\-status\fR
for more user\-friendly alternatives\&.
.sp
This option identifies the file status with the following tags (followed by a space) at the start of each line:
.PP
H
.RS 4
cached
.RE
.PP
S
.RS 4
skip\-worktree
.RE
.PP
M
.RS 4
unmerged
.RE
.PP
R
.RS 4
removed/deleted
.RE
.PP
C
.RS 4
modified/changed
.RE
.PP
K
.RS 4
to be killed
.RE
.PP
?
.RS 4
other
.RE
.RE
.PP
\-v
.RS 4
Similar to
\fB\-t\fR, but use lowercase letters for files that are marked as
\fIassume unchanged\fR
(see
\fBgit-update-index\fR(1))\&.
.RE
.PP
\-f
.RS 4
Similar to
\fB\-t\fR, but use lowercase letters for files that are marked as
\fIfsmonitor valid\fR
(see
\fBgit-update-index\fR(1))\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-full\-name
.RS 4
When run from a subdirectory, the command usually outputs paths relative to the current directory\&. This option forces paths to be output relative to the project top directory\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-recurse\-submodules
.RS 4
Recursively calls ls\-files on each active submodule in the repository\&. Currently there is only support for the \-\-cached and \-\-stage modes\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-abbrev[=<n>]
.RS 4
Instead of showing the full 40\-byte hexadecimal object lines, show the shortest prefix that is at least
\fI<n>\fR
hexdigits long that uniquely refers the object\&. Non default number of digits can be specified with \-\-abbrev=<n>\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-debug
.RS 4
After each line that describes a file, add more data about its cache entry\&. This is intended to show as much information as possible for manual inspection; the exact format may change at any time\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-eol
.RS 4
Show <eolinfo> and <eolattr> of files\&. <eolinfo> is the file content identification used by Git when the "text" attribute is "auto" (or not set and core\&.autocrlf is not false)\&. <eolinfo> is either "\-text", "none", "lf", "crlf", "mixed" or ""\&.
.sp
"" means the file is not a regular file, it is not in the index or not accessible in the working tree\&.
.sp
<eolattr> is the attribute that is used when checking out or committing, it is either "", "\-text", "text", "text=auto", "text eol=lf", "text eol=crlf"\&. Since Git 2\&.10 "text=auto eol=lf" and "text=auto eol=crlf" are supported\&.
.sp
Both the <eolinfo> in the index ("i/<eolinfo>") and in the working tree ("w/<eolinfo>") are shown for regular files, followed by the ("attr/<eolattr>")\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-sparse
.RS 4
If the index is sparse, show the sparse directories without expanding to the contained files\&. Sparse directories will be shown with a trailing slash, such as "x/" for a sparse directory "x"\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-format=<format>
.RS 4
A string that interpolates
\fB%(fieldname)\fR
from the result being shown\&. It also interpolates
\fB%%\fR
to
\fB%\fR, and
\fB%xx\fR
where
\fBxx\fR
are hex digits interpolates to character with hex code
\fBxx\fR; for example
\fB%00\fR
interpolates to
\fB\e0\fR
(NUL),
\fB%09\fR
to
\fB\et\fR
(TAB) and %0a to
\fB\en\fR
(LF)\&. \-\-format cannot be combined with
\fB\-s\fR,
\fB\-o\fR,
\fB\-k\fR,
\fB\-t\fR,
\fB\-\-resolve\-undo\fR
and
\fB\-\-eol\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-
.RS 4
Do not interpret any more arguments as options\&.
.RE
.PP
<file>
.RS 4
Files to show\&. If no files are given all files which match the other specified criteria are shown\&.
.RE
.SH "OUTPUT"
.sp
\fIgit ls\-files\fR just outputs the filenames unless \fB\-\-stage\fR is specified in which case it outputs:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
[<tag> ]<mode> <object> <stage> <file>
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
\fIgit ls\-files \-\-eol\fR will show i/<eolinfo><SPACES>w/<eolinfo><SPACES>attr/<eolattr><SPACE*><TAB><file>
.sp
\fIgit ls\-files \-\-unmerged\fR and \fIgit ls\-files \-\-stage\fR can be used to examine detailed information on unmerged paths\&.
.sp
For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA\-1 pair, the index records up to three such pairs; one from tree O in stage 1, A in stage 2, and B in stage 3\&. This information can be used by the user (or the porcelain) to see what should eventually be recorded at the path\&. (see \fBgit-read-tree\fR(1) for more information on state)
.sp
Without the \fB\-z\fR option, pathnames with "unusual" characters are quoted as explained for the configuration variable \fBcore\&.quotePath\fR (see \fBgit-config\fR(1))\&. Using \fB\-z\fR the filename is output verbatim and the line is terminated by a NUL byte\&.
.sp
It is possible to print in a custom format by using the \fB\-\-format\fR option, which is able to interpolate different fields using a \fB%(fieldname)\fR notation\&. For example, if you only care about the "objectname" and "path" fields, you can execute with a specific "\-\-format" like
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
git ls\-files \-\-format=\*(Aq%(objectname) %(path)\*(Aq
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.SH "FIELD NAMES"
.sp
The way each path is shown can be customized by using the \fB\-\-format=<format>\fR option, where the %(fieldname) in the <format> string for various aspects of the index entry are interpolated\&. The following "fieldname" are understood:
.PP
objectmode
.RS 4
The mode of the file which is recorded in the index\&.
.RE
.PP
objectname
.RS 4
The name of the file which is recorded in the index\&.
.RE
.PP
stage
.RS 4
The stage of the file which is recorded in the index\&.
.RE
.PP
eolinfo:index, eolinfo:worktree
.RS 4
The <eolinfo> (see the description of the
\fB\-\-eol\fR
option) of the contents in the index or in the worktree for the path\&.
.RE
.PP
eolattr
.RS 4
The <eolattr> (see the description of the
\fB\-\-eol\fR
option) that applies to the path\&.
.RE
.PP
path
.RS 4
The pathname of the file which is recorded in the index\&.
.RE
.SH "EXCLUDE PATTERNS"
.sp
\fIgit ls\-files\fR can use a list of "exclude patterns" when traversing the directory tree and finding files to show when the flags \-\-others or \-\-ignored are specified\&. \fBgitignore\fR(5) specifies the format of exclude patterns\&.
.sp
These exclude patterns come from these places, in order:
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04' 1.\h'+01'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP "  1." 4.2
.\}
The command\-line flag \-\-exclude=<pattern> specifies a single pattern\&. Patterns are ordered in the same order they appear in the command line\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04' 2.\h'+01'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP "  2." 4.2
.\}
The command\-line flag \-\-exclude\-from=<file> specifies a file containing a list of patterns\&. Patterns are ordered in the same order they appear in the file\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04' 3.\h'+01'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP "  3." 4.2
.\}
The command\-line flag \-\-exclude\-per\-directory=<name> specifies a name of the file in each directory
\fIgit ls\-files\fR
examines, normally
\fB\&.gitignore\fR\&. Files in deeper directories take precedence\&. Patterns are ordered in the same order they appear in the files\&.
.RE
.sp
A pattern specified on the command line with \-\-exclude or read from the file specified with \-\-exclude\-from is relative to the top of the directory tree\&. A pattern read from a file specified by \-\-exclude\-per\-directory is relative to the directory that the pattern file appears in\&.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.sp
\fBgit-read-tree\fR(1), \fBgitignore\fR(5)
.SH "GIT"
.sp
Part of the \fBgit\fR(1) suite