2019-02-14 This release contains a variety of fixes from 11.1. For information about new features in major release 11, see . A dump/restore is not required for those running 11.X. By default, panic instead of retrying after fsync() failure, to avoid possible data corruption (Craig Ringer, Thomas Munro) Some popular operating systems discard kernel data buffers when unable to write them out, reporting this as fsync() failure. If we reissue the fsync() request it will succeed, but in fact the data has been lost, so continuing risks database corruption. By raising a panic condition instead, we can replay from WAL, which may contain the only remaining copy of the data in such a situation. While this is surely ugly and inefficient, there are few alternatives, and fortunately the case happens very rarely. A new server parameter has been added to control this; if you are certain that your kernel does not discard dirty data buffers in such scenarios, you can set data_sync_retry to on to restore the old behavior. Include each major release branch's release notes in the documentation for only that branch, rather than that branch and all later ones (Tom Lane) The duplication induced by the previous policy was getting out of hand. Our plan is to provide a full archive of release notes on the project's web site, but not duplicate it within each release. Fix handling of unique indexes with INCLUDE columns on partitioned tables (Álvaro Herrera) The uniqueness condition was not checked properly in such cases. Ensure that NOT NULL constraints of a partitioned table are honored within its partitions (Álvaro Herrera, Amit Langote) Update catalog state correctly for partition table constraints when detaching their partition (Amit Langote, Álvaro Herrera) Previously, the pg_constraint.conislocal field for such a constraint might improperly be left as false, rendering it undroppable. A dump/restore or pg_upgrade would cure the problem, but if necessary, the catalog field can be adjusted manually. Create or delete foreign key enforcement triggers correctly when attaching or detaching a partition in a partitioned table that has a foreign-key constraint (Amit Langote, Álvaro Herrera) Avoid useless creation of duplicate foreign key constraints in partitioned tables (Álvaro Herrera) When an index is created on a partitioned table using ONLY, and there are no partitions yet, mark it valid immediately (Álvaro Herrera) Otherwise there is no way to make it become valid. Use a safe table lock level when detaching a partition (Álvaro Herrera) The previous locking level was too weak and might allow concurrent DDL on the table, with bad results. Fix problems with applying ON COMMIT DROP and ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS to partitioned tables and tables with inheritance children (Michael Paquier) Disallow COPY FREEZE on partitioned tables (David Rowley) This should eventually be made to work, but it may require a patch that's too complicated to risk back-patching. Fix possible index corruption when the indexed column has a fast default (that is, it was added by ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN with a constant non-NULL default value specified, after the table already contained some rows) (Andres Freund) Correctly adjust fast default values during ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN TYPE (Andrew Dunstan) Avoid possible deadlock when acquiring multiple buffer locks (Nishant Fnu) Avoid deadlock between GIN vacuuming and concurrent index insertions (Alexander Korotkov, Andrey Borodin, Peter Geoghegan) This change partially reverts a performance improvement, introduced in version 10.0, that attempted to reduce the number of index pages locked during deletion of a GIN posting tree page. That's now been found to lead to deadlocks, so we've removed it pending closer analysis. Avoid deadlock between hot-standby queries and replay of GIN index page deletion (Alexander Korotkov) Fix possible crashes in logical replication when index expressions or predicates are in use (Peter Eisentraut) Avoid useless and expensive logical decoding of TOAST data during a table rewrite (Tomas Vondra) Fix logic for stopping a subset of WAL senders when synchronous replication is enabled (Paul Guo, Michael Paquier) Avoid possibly writing an incorrect replica identity field in a tuple deletion WAL record (Stas Kelvich) Prevent incorrect use of WAL-skipping optimization during COPY to a view or foreign table (Amit Langote, Michael Paquier) Make the archiver prioritize WAL history files over WAL data files while choosing which file to archive next (David Steele) Fix possible crash in UPDATE with a multiple SET clause using a sub-SELECT as source (Tom Lane) Fix crash when zero rows are fed to json[b]_populate_recordset() or json[b]_to_recordset() (Tom Lane) Avoid crash if libxml2 returns a null error message (Sergio Conde Gómez) Fix incorrect JIT tuple deforming code for tables with many columns (more than approximately 800) (Andres Freund) Fix performance and memory leakage issues in hash-based grouping (Andres Freund) Fix spurious grouping-related parser errors caused by inconsistent handling of collation assignment (Andrew Gierth) In some cases, expressions that should be considered to match were not seen as matching, if they included operations on collatable data types. Fix parsing of collation-sensitive expressions in the arguments of a CALL statement (Peter Eisentraut) Ensure proper cleanup after detecting an error in the argument list of a CALL statement (Tom Lane) Check whether the comparison function underlying LEAST() or GREATEST() is leakproof, rather than just assuming it is (Tom Lane) Actual information leaks from btree comparison functions are typically hard to provoke, but in principle they could happen. Fix incorrect planning of queries involving nested loops both above and below a Gather plan node (Tom Lane) If both levels of nestloop needed to pass the same variable into their right-hand sides, an incorrect plan would be generated. Fix incorrect planning of queries in which a lateral reference must be evaluated at a foreign table scan (Tom Lane) Fix planner failure when the first column of a row comparison matches an index column, but later column(s) do not, and the index has included (non-key) columns (Tom Lane) Fix corner-case underestimation of the cost of a merge join (Tom Lane) The planner could prefer a merge join when the outer key range is much smaller than the inner key range, even if there are so many duplicate keys on the inner side that this is a poor choice. Avoid O(N^2) planning time growth when a query contains many thousand indexable clauses (Tom Lane) Improve planning speed for large inheritance or partitioning table groups (Amit Langote, Etsuro Fujita) Improve ANALYZE's handling of concurrently-updated rows (Jeff Janes, Tom Lane) Previously, rows deleted by an in-progress transaction were omitted from ANALYZE's sample, but this has been found to lead to more inconsistency than including them would do. In effect, the sample now corresponds to an MVCC snapshot as of ANALYZE's start time. Make TRUNCATE ignore inheritance child tables that are temporary tables of other sessions (Amit Langote, Michael Paquier) This brings TRUNCATE into line with the behavior of other commands. Previously, such cases usually ended in failure. Fix TRUNCATE to update the statistics counters for the right table (Tom Lane) If the truncated table had a TOAST table, that table's counters were reset instead. Process ALTER TABLE ONLY ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS correctly (Greg Stark) Allow UNLISTEN in hot-standby mode (Shay Rojansky) This is necessarily a no-op, because LISTEN isn't allowed in hot-standby mode; but allowing the dummy operation simplifies session-state-reset logic in clients. Fix missing role dependencies in some schema and data type permissions lists (Tom Lane) In some cases it was possible to drop a role to which permissions had been granted. This caused no immediate problem, but a subsequent dump/reload or upgrade would fail, with symptoms involving attempts to grant privileges to all-numeric role names. Prevent use of a session's temporary schema within a two-phase transaction (Michael Paquier) Accessing a temporary table within such a transaction has been forbidden for a long time, but it was still possible to cause problems with other operations on temporary objects. Ensure relation caches are updated properly after adding or removing foreign key constraints (Álvaro Herrera) This oversight could result in existing sessions failing to enforce a newly-created constraint, or continuing to enforce a dropped one. Ensure relation caches are updated properly after renaming constraints (Amit Langote) Fix replay of GiST index micro-vacuum operations so that concurrent hot-standby queries do not see inconsistent state (Alexander Korotkov) Prevent empty GIN index pages from being reclaimed too quickly, causing failures of concurrent searches (Andrey Borodin, Alexander Korotkov) Fix edge-case failures in float-to-integer coercions (Andrew Gierth, Tom Lane) Values very slightly above the maximum valid integer value might not be rejected, and then would overflow, producing the minimum valid integer instead. Also, values that should round to the minimum or maximum integer value might be incorrectly rejected. Fix parsing of space-separated lists of host names in the ldapserver parameter of LDAP authentication entries in pg_hba.conf (Thomas Munro) When making a PAM authentication request, don't set the PAM_RHOST variable if the connection is via a Unix socket (Thomas Munro) Previously that variable would be set to [local], which is at best unhelpful, since it's supposed to be a host name. Disallow setting client_min_messages higher than ERROR (Jonah Harris, Tom Lane) Previously, it was possible to set this variable to FATAL or PANIC, which had the effect of suppressing transmission of ordinary error messages to the client. However, that's contrary to guarantees that are given in the PostgreSQL wire protocol specification, and it caused some clients to become very confused. In released branches, fix this by silently treating such settings as meaning ERROR instead. Version 12 and later will reject those alternatives altogether. Fix ecpglib to use uselocale() or _configthreadlocale() in preference to setlocale() (Michael Meskes, Tom Lane) Since setlocale() is not thread-local, and might not even be thread-safe, the previous coding caused problems in multi-threaded ecpg applications. Fix incorrect results for numeric data passed through an ecpg SQLDA (SQL Descriptor Area) (Daisuke Higuchi) Values with leading zeroes were not copied correctly. Fix psql's \g target meta-command to work with COPY TO STDOUT (Daniel Vérité) Previously, the target option was ignored, so that the copy data always went to the current query output target. Make psql's LaTeX output formats render special characters properly (Tom Lane) Backslash and some other ASCII punctuation characters were not rendered correctly, leading to document syntax errors or wrong characters in the output. Make pgbench's random number generation fully deterministic and platform-independent when --random-seed=N is specified (Fabien Coelho, Tom Lane) On any specific platform, the sequence obtained with a particular value of N will probably be different from what it was before this patch. Fix pg_basebackup and pg_verify_checksums to ignore temporary files appropriately (Michael Banck, Michael Paquier) Fix pg_dump's handling of materialized views with indirect dependencies on primary keys (Tom Lane) This led to mis-labeling of such views' dump archive entries, causing harmless warnings about archive items not in correct section order; less harmlessly, selective-restore options depending on those labels, such as --section, might misbehave. Make pg_dump include ALTER INDEX SET STATISTICS commands (Michael Paquier) When the ability to attach statistics targets to index expressions was added, we forgot to teach pg_dump about it, so that such settings were lost in dump/reload. Fix pg_dump's dumping of tables that have OIDs (Peter Eisentraut) The WITH OIDS clause was omitted if it needed to be applied to the first table to be dumped. Avoid null-pointer-dereference crash on some platforms when pg_dump or pg_restore tries to report an error (Tom Lane) Prevent false index-corruption reports from contrib/amcheck caused by inline-compressed data (Peter Geoghegan) Properly disregard SIGPIPE errors if COPY FROM PROGRAM stops reading the program's output early (Tom Lane) This case isn't actually reachable directly with COPY, but it can happen when using contrib/file_fdw. Fix contrib/hstore to calculate correct hash values for empty hstore values that were created in version 8.4 or before (Andrew Gierth) The previous coding did not give the same result as for an empty hstore value created by a newer version, thus potentially causing wrong results in hash joins or hash aggregation. It is advisable to reindex any hash indexes built on hstore columns, if the table might contain data that was originally stored as far back as 8.4 and was never dumped/reloaded since then. Avoid crashes and excessive runtime with large inputs to contrib/intarray's gist__int_ops index support (Andrew Gierth) In configure, look for python3 and then python2 if python isn't found (Peter Eisentraut) This allows PL/Python to be configured without explicitly specifying PYTHON on platforms that no longer provide an unversioned python executable. Include JIT-related headers in the installed set of header files (Donald Dong) Support new Makefile variables PG_CFLAGS, PG_CXXFLAGS, and PG_LDFLAGS in pgxs builds (Christoph Berg) This simplifies customization of extension build processes. Fix Perl-coded build scripts to not assume . is in the search path, since recent Perl versions don't include that (Andrew Dunstan) Fix server command-line option parsing problems on OpenBSD (Tom Lane) Relocate call of set_rel_pathlist_hook so that extensions can use it to supply partial paths for parallel queries (KaiGai Kohei) This is not expected to affect existing use-cases. Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2018i for DST law changes in Kazakhstan, Metlakatla, and Sao Tome and Principe. Kazakhstan's Qyzylorda zone is split in two, creating a new zone Asia/Qostanay, as some areas did not change UTC offset. Historical corrections for Hong Kong and numerous Pacific islands. 2018-11-08 This release contains a variety of fixes from 11.0. For information about new features in major release 11, see . A dump/restore is not required for those running 11.X. However, if you use the pg_stat_statements extension, see the changelog entry below about that. Ensure proper quoting of transition table names when pg_dump emits CREATE TRIGGER ... REFERENCING commands (Tom Lane) This oversight could be exploited by an unprivileged user to gain superuser privileges during the next dump/reload or pg_upgrade run. (CVE-2018-16850) Apply the tablespace specified for a partitioned index when creating a child index (Álvaro Herrera) Previously, child indexes were always created in the default tablespace. Fix NULL handling in parallel hashed multi-batch left joins (Andrew Gierth, Thomas Munro) Outer-relation rows with null values of the hash key were omitted from the join result. Fix incorrect processing of an array-type coercion expression appearing within a CASE clause that has a constant test expression (Tom Lane) Fix incorrect expansion of tuples lacking recently-added columns (Andrew Dunstan, Amit Langote) This is known to lead to crashes in triggers on tables with recently-added columns, and could have other symptoms as well. Fix bugs with named or defaulted arguments in CALL argument lists (Tom Lane, Pavel Stehule) Fix strictness check for strict aggregates with ORDER BY columns (Andrew Gierth, Andres Freund) The strictness logic incorrectly ignored rows for which the ORDER BY value(s) were null. Disable recheck_on_update optimization (Tom Lane) This new-in-v11 feature turns out not to have been ready for prime time. Disable it until something can be done about it. Prevent creation of a partition in a trigger attached to its parent table (Amit Langote) Ideally we'd allow that, but for the moment it has to be blocked to avoid crashes. Fix problems with applying ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS to a partitioned temporary table (Amit Langote) Fix character-class checks to not fail on Windows for Unicode characters above U+FFFF (Tom Lane, Kenji Uno) This bug affected full-text-search operations, as well as contrib/ltree and contrib/pg_trgm. Ensure that the server will process already-received NOTIFY and SIGTERM interrupts before waiting for client input (Jeff Janes, Tom Lane) Fix memory leak in repeated SP-GiST index scans (Tom Lane) This is only known to amount to anything significant in cases where an exclusion constraint using SP-GiST receives many new index entries in a single command. Prevent starting the server with wal_level set to too low a value to support an existing replication slot (Andres Freund) Fix psql, as well as documentation examples, to call PQconsumeInput() before each PQnotifies() call (Tom Lane) This fixes cases in which psql would not report receipt of a NOTIFY message until after the next command. Fix pg_verify_checksums's determination of which files to check the checksums of (Michael Paquier) In some cases it complained about files that are not expected to have checksums. In contrib/pg_stat_statements, disallow the pg_read_all_stats role from executing pg_stat_statements_reset() (Haribabu Kommi) pg_read_all_stats is only meant to grant permission to read statistics, not to change them, so this grant was incorrect. To cause this change to take effect, run ALTER EXTENSION pg_stat_statements UPDATE in each database where pg_stat_statements has been installed. (A database freshly created in 11.0 should not need this, but a database upgraded from a previous release probably still contains the old version of pg_stat_statements. The UPDATE command is harmless if the module was already updated.) Rename red-black tree support functions to use rbt prefix not rb prefix (Tom Lane) This avoids name collisions with Ruby functions, which broke PL/Ruby. It's hoped that there are no other affected extensions. Fix build problems on macOS 10.14 (Mojave) (Tom Lane) Adjust configure to add an -isysroot switch to CPPFLAGS; without this, PL/Perl and PL/Tcl fail to configure or build on macOS 10.14. The specific sysroot used can be overridden at configure time or build time by setting the PG_SYSROOT variable in the arguments of configure or make. It is now recommended that Perl-related extensions write $(perl_includespec) rather than -I$(perl_archlibexp)/CORE in their compiler flags. The latter continues to work on most platforms, but not recent macOS. Also, it should no longer be necessary to specify --with-tclconfig manually to get PL/Tcl to build on recent macOS releases. Fix MSVC build and regression-test scripts to work on recent Perl versions (Andrew Dunstan) Perl no longer includes the current directory in its search path by default; work around that. On Windows, allow the regression tests to be run by an Administrator account (Andrew Dunstan) To do this safely, pg_regress now gives up any such privileges at startup. Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2018g for DST law changes in Chile, Fiji, Morocco, and Russia (Volgograd), plus historical corrections for China, Hawaii, Japan, Macau, and North Korea. 2018-10-18 Major enhancements in PostgreSQL 11 include: Improvements to partitioning functionality, including: Add support for partitioning by a hash key Add support for PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, indexes, and triggers on partitioned tables Allow creation of a default partition for storing data that does not match any of the remaining partitions UPDATE statements that change a partition key column now cause affected rows to be moved to the appropriate partitions Improve SELECT performance through enhanced partition elimination strategies during query planning and execution Improvements to parallelism, including: CREATE INDEX can now use parallel processing while building a B-tree index Parallelization is now possible in CREATE TABLE ... AS, CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, and certain queries using UNION Parallelized hash joins and parallelized sequential scans now perform better SQL stored procedures that support embedded transactions Optional Just-in-Time (JIT) compilation for some SQL code, speeding evaluation of expressions Window functions now support all framing options shown in the SQL:2011 standard, including RANGE distance PRECEDING/FOLLOWING, GROUPS mode, and frame exclusion options Covering indexes can now be created, using the INCLUDE clause of CREATE INDEX Many other useful performance improvements, including the ability to avoid a table rewrite for ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN with a non-null column default The above items are explained in more detail in the sections below. A dump/restore using , or use of , is required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous release. Version 11 contains a number of changes that may affect compatibility with previous releases. Observe the following incompatibilities: Make pg_dump dump the properties of a database, not just its contents (Haribabu Kommi) Previously, attributes of the database itself, such as database-level GRANT/REVOKE permissions and ALTER DATABASE SET variable settings, were only dumped by pg_dumpall. Now pg_dump --create and pg_restore --create will restore these database properties in addition to the objects within the database. pg_dumpall -g now only dumps role- and tablespace-related attributes. pg_dumpall's complete output (without -g) is unchanged. pg_dump and pg_restore, without --create, no longer dump/restore database-level comments and security labels; those are now treated as properties of the database. pg_dumpall's output script will now always create databases with their original locale and encoding, and hence will fail if the locale or encoding name is unknown to the destination system. Previously, CREATE DATABASE would be emitted without these specifications if the database locale and encoding matched the old cluster's defaults. pg_dumpall --clean now restores the original locale and encoding settings of the postgres and template1 databases, as well as those of user-created databases. Consider syntactic form when disambiguating function versus column references (Tom Lane) When x is a table name or composite column, PostgreSQL has traditionally considered the syntactic forms f(x) and x.f to be equivalent, allowing tricks such as writing a function and then using it as though it were a computed-on-demand column. However, if both interpretations are feasible, the column interpretation was always chosen, leading to surprising results if the user intended the function interpretation. Now, if there is ambiguity, the interpretation that matches the syntactic form is chosen. Fully enforce uniqueness of table and domain constraint names (Tom Lane) PostgreSQL expects the names of a table's constraints to be distinct, and likewise for the names of a domain's constraints. However, there was not rigid enforcement of this, and previously there were corner cases where duplicate names could be created. Make power(numeric, numeric) and power(float8, float8) handle NaN inputs according to the POSIX standard (Tom Lane, Dang Minh Huong) POSIX says that NaN ^ 0 = 1 and 1 ^ NaN = 1, but all other cases with NaN input(s) should return NaN. power(numeric, numeric) just returned NaN in all such cases; now it honors the two exceptions. power(float8, float8) followed the standard if the C library does; but on some old Unix platforms the library doesn't, and there were also problems on some versions of Windows. Prevent to_number() from consuming characters when the template separator does not match (Oliver Ford) Specifically, SELECT to_number('1234', '9,999') used to return 134. It will now return 1234. L and TH now only consume characters that are not digits, positive/negative signs, decimal points, or commas. Fix to_date(), to_number(), and to_timestamp() to skip a character for each template character (Tom Lane) Previously, they skipped one byte for each byte of template character, resulting in strange behavior if either string contained multibyte characters. Adjust the handling of backslashes inside double-quotes in template strings for to_char(), to_number(), and to_timestamp(). Such a backslash now escapes the character after it, particularly a double-quote or another backslash. Correctly handle relative path expressions in xmltable(), xpath(), and other XML-handling functions (Markus Winand) Per the SQL standard, relative paths start from the document node of the XML input document, not the root node as these functions previously did. In the extended query protocol, make statement_timeout apply to each Execute message separately, not to all commands before Sync (Tatsuo Ishii, Andres Freund) Remove the relhaspkey column from system catalog pg_class (Peter Eisentraut) Applications needing to check for a primary key should consult pg_index. Replace system catalog pg_proc's proisagg and proiswindow columns with prokind (Peter Eisentraut) This new column more clearly distinguishes functions, procedures, aggregates, and window functions. Correct information schema column tables.table_type to return FOREIGN instead of FOREIGN TABLE (Peter Eisentraut) This new output matches the SQL standard. Change the ps process display labels for background workers to match the pg_stat_activity.backend_type labels (Peter Eisentraut) Cause large object permission checks to happen during large object open, lo_open(), not when a read or write is attempted (Tom Lane, Michael Paquier) If write access is requested and not available, an error will now be thrown even if the large object is never written to. Prevent non-superusers from reindexing shared catalogs (Michael Paquier, Robert Haas) Previously, database owners were also allowed to do this, but now it is considered outside the bounds of their privileges. Remove deprecated adminpack functions pg_file_read(), pg_file_length(), and pg_logfile_rotate() (Stephen Frost) Equivalent functionality is now present in the core backend. Existing adminpack installs will continue to have access to these functions until they are updated via ALTER EXTENSION ... UPDATE. Honor the capitalization of double-quoted command options (Daniel Gustafsson) Previously, option names in certain SQL commands were forcibly lower-cased even if entered with double quotes; thus for example "FillFactor" would be accepted as an index storage option, though properly its name is lower-case. Such cases will now generate an error. Remove server parameter replacement_sort_tuples (Peter Geoghegan) Replacement sorts were determined to be no longer useful. Remove WITH clause in CREATE FUNCTION (Michael Paquier) PostgreSQL has long supported a more standard-compliant syntax for this capability. In PL/pgSQL trigger functions, the OLD and NEW variables now read as NULL when not assigned (Tom Lane) Previously, references to these variables could be parsed but not executed. Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between PostgreSQL 11 and the previous major release. Allow the creation of partitions based on hashing a key column (Amul Sul) Support indexes on partitioned tables (Álvaro Herrera, Amit Langote) An index on a partitioned table is not a physical index across the whole partitioned table, but rather a template for automatically creating similar indexes on each partition of the table. If the partition key is part of the index's column set, a partitioned index may be declared UNIQUE. It will represent a valid uniqueness constraint across the whole partitioned table, even though each physical index only enforces uniqueness within its own partition. The new command ALTER INDEX ATTACH PARTITION causes an existing index on a partition to be associated with a matching index template for its partitioned table. This provides flexibility in setting up a new partitioned index for an existing partitioned table. Allow foreign keys on partitioned tables (Álvaro Herrera) Allow FOR EACH ROW triggers on partitioned tables (Álvaro Herrera) Creation of a trigger on a partitioned table automatically creates triggers on all existing and future partitions. This also allows deferred unique constraints on partitioned tables. Allow partitioned tables to have a default partition (Jeevan Ladhe, Beena Emerson, Ashutosh Bapat, Rahila Syed, Robert Haas) The default partition will store rows that don't match any of the other defined partitions, and is searched accordingly. UPDATE statements that change a partition key column now cause affected rows to be moved to the appropriate partitions (Amit Khandekar) Allow INSERT, UPDATE, and COPY on partitioned tables to properly route rows to foreign partitions (Etsuro Fujita, Amit Langote) This is supported by postgres_fdw foreign tables. Allow faster partition elimination during query processing (Amit Langote, David Rowley, Dilip Kumar) This speeds access to partitioned tables with many partitions. Allow partition elimination during query execution (David Rowley, Beena Emerson) Previously, partition elimination only happened at planning time, meaning many joins and prepared queries could not use partition elimination. In an equality join between partitioned tables, allow matching partitions to be joined directly (Ashutosh Bapat) This feature is disabled by default but can be enabled by changing enable_partitionwise_join. Allow aggregate functions on partitioned tables to be evaluated separately for each partition, subsequently merging the results (Jeevan Chalke, Ashutosh Bapat, Robert Haas) This feature is disabled by default but can be enabled by changing enable_partitionwise_aggregate. Allow postgres_fdw to push down aggregates to foreign tables that are partitions (Jeevan Chalke) Allow parallel building of a btree index (Peter Geoghegan, Rushabh Lathia, Heikki Linnakangas) Allow hash joins to be performed in parallel using a shared hash table (Thomas Munro) Allow UNION to run each SELECT in parallel if the individual SELECTs cannot be parallelized (Amit Khandekar, Robert Haas, Amul Sul) Allow partition scans to more efficiently use parallel workers (Amit Khandekar, Robert Haas, Amul Sul) Allow LIMIT to be passed to parallel workers (Robert Haas, Tom Lane) This allows workers to reduce returned results and use targeted index scans. Allow single-evaluation queries, e.g. WHERE clause aggregate queries, and functions in the target list to be parallelized (Amit Kapila, Robert Haas) Add server parameter parallel_leader_participation to control whether the leader also executes subplans (Thomas Munro) The default is enabled, meaning the leader will execute subplans. Allow parallelization of commands CREATE TABLE ... AS, SELECT INTO, and CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW (Haribabu Kommi) Improve performance of sequential scans with many parallel workers (David Rowley) Add reporting of parallel workers' sort activity in EXPLAIN (Robert Haas, Tom Lane) Allow B-tree indexes to include columns that are not part of the search key or unique constraint, but are available to be read by index-only scans (Anastasia Lubennikova, Alexander Korotkov, Teodor Sigaev) This is enabled by the new INCLUDE clause of CREATE INDEX. It facilitates building covering indexes that optimize specific types of queries. Columns can be included even if their data types don't have B-tree support. Improve performance of monotonically increasing index additions (Pavan Deolasee, Peter Geoghegan) Improve performance of hash index scans (Ashutosh Sharma) Add predicate locking for hash, GiST and GIN indexes (Shubham Barai) This reduces the likelihood of serialization conflicts in serializable-mode transactions. Add prefix-match operator text ^@ text, which is supported by SP-GiST (Ildus Kurbangaliev) This is similar to using var LIKE 'word%' with a btree index, but it is more efficient. Allow polygons to be indexed with SP-GiST (Nikita Glukhov, Alexander Korotkov) Allow SP-GiST to use lossy representation of leaf keys (Teodor Sigaev, Heikki Linnakangas, Alexander Korotkov, Nikita Glukhov) Improve selection of the most common values for statistics (Jeff Janes, Dean Rasheed) Previously, the most common values (MCVs) were identified based on their frequency compared to all column values. Now, MCVs are chosen based on their frequency compared to the non-MCV values. This improves the robustness of the algorithm for both uniform and non-uniform distributions. Improve selectivity estimates for >= and <= (Tom Lane) Previously, such cases used the same selectivity estimates as > and <, respectively, unless the comparison constants are MCVs. This change is particularly helpful for queries involving BETWEEN with small ranges. Reduce var = var to var IS NOT NULL where equivalent (Tom Lane) This leads to better selectivity estimates. Improve optimizer's row count estimates for EXISTS and NOT EXISTS queries (Tom Lane) Make the optimizer account for evaluation costs and selectivity of HAVING clauses (Tom Lane) Add Just-in-Time (JIT) compilation of some parts of query plans to improve execution speed (Andres Freund) This feature requires LLVM to be available. It is not currently enabled by default, even in builds that support it. Allow bitmap scans to perform index-only scans when possible (Alexander Kuzmenkov) Update the free space map during VACUUM (Claudio Freire) This allows free space to be reused more quickly. Allow VACUUM to avoid unnecessary index scans (Masahiko Sawada, Alexander Korotkov) Improve performance of committing multiple concurrent transactions (Amit Kapila) Reduce memory usage for queries using set-returning functions in their target lists (Andres Freund) Improve the speed of aggregate computations (Andres Freund) Allow postgres_fdw to push UPDATEs and DELETEs using joins to foreign servers (Etsuro Fujita) Previously, only non-join UPDATEs and DELETEs were pushed. Add support for large pages on Windows (Takayuki Tsunakawa, Thomas Munro) This is controlled by the huge_pages configuration parameter. Show memory usage in output from log_statement_stats, log_parser_stats, log_planner_stats, and log_executor_stats (Justin Pryzby, Peter Eisentraut) Add column pg_stat_activity.backend_type to show the type of a background worker (Peter Eisentraut) The type is also visible in ps output. Make log_autovacuum_min_duration log skipped tables that are concurrently being dropped (Nathan Bossart) Add information_schema columns related to table constraints and triggers (Peter Eisentraut) Specifically, triggers.action_order, triggers.action_reference_old_table, and triggers.action_reference_new_table are now populated, where before they were always null. Also, table_constraints.enforced now exists but is not yet usefully populated. Allow the server to specify more complex LDAP specifications in search+bind mode (Thomas Munro) Specifically, ldapsearchfilter allows pattern matching using combinations of LDAP attributes. Allow LDAP authentication to use encrypted LDAP (Thomas Munro) We already supported LDAP over TLS by using ldaptls=1. This new TLS LDAP method for encrypted LDAP is enabled with ldapscheme=ldaps or ldapurl=ldaps://. Improve logging of LDAP errors (Thomas Munro) Add default roles that enable file system access (Stephen Frost) Specifically, the new roles are: pg_read_server_files, pg_write_server_files, and pg_execute_server_program. These roles now also control who can use server-side COPY and the file_fdw extension. Previously, only superusers could use these functions, and that is still the default behavior. Allow access to file system functions to be controlled by GRANT/REVOKE permissions, rather than superuser checks (Stephen Frost) Specifically, these functions were modified: pg_ls_dir(), pg_read_file(), pg_read_binary_file(), pg_stat_file(). Use GRANT/REVOKE to control access to lo_import() and lo_export() (Michael Paquier, Tom Lane) Previously, only superusers were granted access to these functions. The compile-time option ALLOW_DANGEROUS_LO_FUNCTIONS has been removed. Use view owner not session owner when preventing non-password access to postgres_fdw tables (Robert Haas) PostgreSQL only allows superusers to access postgres_fdw tables without passwords, e.g. via peer. Previously, the session owner had to be a superuser to allow such access; now the view owner is checked instead. Fix invalid locking permission check in SELECT FOR UPDATE on views (Tom Lane) Add server setting ssl_passphrase_command to allow supplying of the passphrase for SSL key files (Peter Eisentraut) Also add ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload to specify whether the SSL configuration should be reloaded and ssl_passphrase_command called during a server configuration reload. Add storage parameter toast_tuple_target to control the minimum tuple length before TOAST storage will be considered (Simon Riggs) The default TOAST threshold has not been changed. Allow server options related to memory and file sizes to be specified in units of bytes (Beena Emerson) The new unit suffix is B. This is in addition to the existing units kB, MB, GB and TB. Allow the WAL file size to be set during initdb (Beena Emerson) Previously, the 16MB default could only be changed at compile time. Retain WAL data for only a single checkpoint (Simon Riggs) Previously, WAL was retained for two checkpoints. Fill the unused portion of force-switched WAL segment files with zeros for improved compressibility (Chapman Flack) Replicate TRUNCATE activity when using logical replication (Simon Riggs, Marco Nenciarini, Peter Eisentraut) Pass prepared transaction information to logical replication subscribers (Nikhil Sontakke, Stas Kelvich) Exclude unlogged tables, temporary tables, and pg_internal.init files from streaming base backups (David Steele) There is no need to copy such files. Allow checksums of heap pages to be verified during streaming base backup (Michael Banck) Allow replication slots to be advanced programmatically, rather than be consumed by subscribers (Petr Jelinek) This allows efficient advancement of replication slots when the contents do not need to be consumed. This is performed by pg_replication_slot_advance(). Add timeline information to the backup_label file (Michael Paquier) Also add a check that the WAL timeline matches the backup_label file's timeline. Add host and port connection information to the pg_stat_wal_receiver system view (Haribabu Kommi) Allow ALTER TABLE to add a column with a non-null default without doing a table rewrite (Andrew Dunstan, Serge Rielau) This is enabled when the default value is a constant. Allow views to be locked by locking the underlying tables (Yugo Nagata) Allow ALTER INDEX to set statistics-gathering targets for expression indexes (Alexander Korotkov, Adrien Nayrat) In psql, \d+ now shows the statistics target for indexes. Allow multiple tables to be specified in one VACUUM or ANALYZE command (Nathan Bossart) Also, if any table mentioned in VACUUM uses a column list, then the ANALYZE keyword must be supplied; previously, ANALYZE was implied in such cases. Add parenthesized options syntax to ANALYZE (Nathan Bossart) This is similar to the syntax supported by VACUUM. Add CREATE AGGREGATE option to specify the behavior of the aggregate's finalization function (Tom Lane) This is helpful for allowing user-defined aggregate functions to be optimized and to work as window functions. Allow the creation of arrays of domains (Tom Lane) This also allows array_agg() to be used on domains. Support domains over composite types (Tom Lane) Also allow PL/Perl, PL/Python, and PL/Tcl to handle composite-domain function arguments and results. Also improve PL/Python domain handling. Add casts from JSONB scalars to numeric and boolean data types (Anastasia Lubennikova) Add all window function framing options specified by SQL:2011 (Oliver Ford, Tom Lane) Specifically, allow RANGE mode to use PRECEDING and FOLLOWING to select rows having grouping values within plus or minus the specified offset. Add GROUPS mode to include plus or minus the number of peer groups. Frame exclusion syntax was also added. Add SHA-2 family of hash functions (Peter Eisentraut) Specifically, sha224(), sha256(), sha384(), sha512() were added. Add support for 64-bit non-cryptographic hash functions (Robert Haas, Amul Sul) Allow to_char() and to_timestamp() to specify the time zone's offset from UTC in hours and minutes (Nikita Glukhov, Andrew Dunstan) This is done with format specifications TZH and TZM. Add text search function websearch_to_tsquery() that supports a query syntax similar to that used by web search engines (Victor Drobny, Dmitry Ivanov) Add functions json(b)_to_tsvector() to create a text search query for matching JSON/JSONB values (Dmitry Dolgov) Add SQL-level procedures, which can start and commit their own transactions (Peter Eisentraut) They are created with the new CREATE PROCEDURE command and invoked via CALL. The new ALTER/DROP ROUTINE commands allow altering/dropping of all routine-like objects, including procedures, functions, and aggregates. Also, writing FUNCTION is now preferred over writing PROCEDURE in CREATE OPERATOR and CREATE TRIGGER, because the referenced object must be a function not a procedure. However, the old syntax is still accepted for compatibility. Add transaction control to PL/pgSQL, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Tcl, and SPI server-side languages (Peter Eisentraut) Transaction control is only available within top-transaction-level procedures and nested DO and CALL blocks that only contain other DO and CALL blocks. Add the ability to define PL/pgSQL composite-type variables as not null, constant, or with initial values (Tom Lane) Allow PL/pgSQL to handle changes to composite types (e.g. record, row) that happen between the first and later function executions in the same session (Tom Lane) Previously, such circumstances generated errors. Add extension jsonb_plpython to transform JSONB to/from PL/Python types (Anthony Bykov) Add extension jsonb_plperl to transform JSONB to/from PL/Perl types (Anthony Bykov) Change libpq to disable compression by default (Peter Eisentraut) Compression is already disabled in modern OpenSSL versions, so that the libpq setting had no effect with such libraries. Add DO CONTINUE option to ecpg's WHENEVER statement (Vinayak Pokale) This generates a C continue statement, causing a return to the top of the contained loop when the specified condition occurs. Add an ecpg mode to enable Oracle Pro*C-style handling of char arrays. This mode is enabled with -C. Add psql command \gdesc to display the names and types of the columns in a query result (Pavel Stehule) Add psql variables to report query activity and errors (Fabien Coelho) Specifically, the new variables are ERROR, SQLSTATE, ROW_COUNT, LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE, and LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE. Allow psql to test for the existence of a variable (Fabien Coelho) Specifically, the syntax :{?variable_name} allows a variable's existence to be tested in an \if statement. Allow environment variable PSQL_PAGER to control psql's pager (Pavel Stehule) This allows psql's default pager to be specified as a separate environment variable from the pager for other applications. PAGER is still honored if PSQL_PAGER is not set. Make psql's \d+ command always show the table's partitioning information (Amit Langote, Ashutosh Bapat) Previously, partition information would not be displayed for a partitioned table if it had no partitions. Also indicate which partitions are themselves partitioned. Ensure that psql reports the proper user name when prompting for a password (Tom Lane) Previously, combinations of -U and a user name embedded in a URI caused incorrect reporting. Also suppress the user name before the password prompt when --password is specified. Allow quit and exit to exit psql when given with no prior input (Bruce Momjian) Also print hints about how to exit when quit and exit are used alone on a line while the input buffer is not empty. Add a similar hint for help. Make psql hint at using control-D when \q is entered alone on a line but ignored (Bruce Momjian) For example, \q does not exit when supplied in character strings. Improve tab completion for ALTER INDEX RESET/SET (Masahiko Sawada) Add infrastructure to allow psql to adapt its tab completion queries based on the server version (Tom Lane) Previously, tab completion queries could fail against older servers. Add pgbench expression support for NULLs, booleans, and some functions and operators (Fabien Coelho) Add \if conditional support to pgbench (Fabien Coelho) Allow the use of non-ASCII characters in pgbench variable names (Fabien Coelho) Add pgbench option --init-steps to control the initialization steps performed (Masahiko Sawada) Add an approximately Zipfian-distributed random generator to pgbench (Alik Khilazhev) Allow the random seed to be set in pgbench (Fabien Coelho) Allow pgbench to do exponentiation with pow() and power() (Raúl Marín Rodríguez) Add hashing functions to pgbench (Ildar Musin) Make pgbench statistics more accurate when using --latency-limit and --rate (Fabien Coelho) Add an option to pg_basebackup that creates a named replication slot (Michael Banck) The option --create-slot creates the named replication slot (--slot) when the WAL streaming method (--wal-method=stream) is used. Allow initdb to set group read access to the data directory (David Steele) This is accomplished with the new initdb option --allow-group-access. Administrators can also set group permissions on the empty data directory before running initdb. Server variable data_directory_mode allows reading of data directory group permissions. Add pg_verify_checksums tool to verify database checksums while offline (Magnus Hagander) Allow pg_resetwal to change the WAL segment size via --wal-segsize (Nathan Bossart) Add long options to pg_resetwal and pg_controldata (Nathan Bossart, Peter Eisentraut) Add pg_receivewal option --no-sync to prevent synchronous WAL writes, for testing (Michael Paquier) Add pg_receivewal option --endpos to specify when WAL receiving should stop (Michael Paquier) Allow pg_ctl to send the SIGKILL signal to processes (Andres Freund) This was previously unsupported due to concerns over possible misuse. Reduce the number of files copied by pg_rewind (Michael Paquier) Prevent pg_rewind from running as root (Michael Paquier) Add pg_dumpall option --encoding to control output encoding (Michael Paquier) pg_dump already had this option. Add pg_dump option --load-via-partition-root to force loading of data into the partition's root table, rather than the original partition (Rushabh Lathia) This is useful if the system to be loaded to has different collation definitions or endianness, possibly requiring rows to be stored in different partitions than previously. Add an option to suppress dumping and restoring database object comments (Robins Tharakan) The new pg_dump, pg_dumpall, and pg_restore option is --no-comments. Add PGXS support for installing include files (Andrew Gierth) This supports creating extension modules that depend on other modules. Formerly there was no easy way for the dependent module to find the referenced one's include files. Several existing contrib modules that define data types have been adjusted to install relevant files. Also, PL/Perl and PL/Python now install their include files, to support creation of transform modules for those languages. Install errcodes.txt to allow extensions to access the list of error codes known to PostgreSQL (Thomas Munro) Convert documentation to DocBook XML (Peter Eisentraut, Alexander Lakhin, Jürgen Purtz) The file names still use an sgml extension for compatibility with back branches. Use stdbool.h to define type bool on platforms where it's suitable, which is most (Peter Eisentraut) This eliminates a coding hazard for extension modules that need to include stdbool.h. Overhaul the way that initial system catalog contents are defined (John Naylor) The initial data is now represented in Perl data structures, making it much easier to manipulate mechanically. Prevent extensions from creating custom server parameters that take a quoted list of values (Tom Lane) This cannot be supported at present because knowledge of the parameter's property would be required even before the extension is loaded. Add ability to use channel binding when using SCRAM authentication (Michael Paquier) Channel binding is intended to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks, but SCRAM cannot prevent them unless it can be forced to be active. Unfortunately, there is no way to do that in libpq. Support for it is expected in future versions of libpq and in interfaces not built using libpq, e.g. JDBC. Allow background workers to attach to databases that normally disallow connections (Magnus Hagander) Add support for hardware CRC calculations on ARMv8 (Yuqi Gu, Heikki Linnakangas, Thomas Munro) Speed up lookups of built-in functions by OID (Andres Freund) The previous binary search has been replaced by a lookup array. Speed up construction of query results (Andres Freund) Improve speed of access to system caches (Andres Freund) Add a generational memory allocator which is optimized for serial allocation/deallocation (Tomas Vondra) This reduces memory usage for logical decoding. Make the computation of pg_class.reltuples by VACUUM consistent with its computation by ANALYZE (Tomas Vondra) Update to use perltidy version 20170521 (Tom Lane, Peter Eisentraut) Allow extension pg_prewarm to restore the previous shared buffer contents on startup (Mithun Cy, Robert Haas) This is accomplished by having pg_prewarm store the shared buffers' relation and block number data to disk occasionally during server operation, and at shutdown. Add pg_trgm function strict_word_similarity() to compute the similarity of whole words (Alexander Korotkov) The function word_similarity() already existed for this purpose, but it was designed to find similar parts of words, while strict_word_similarity() computes the similarity to whole words. Allow creation of indexes that can be used by LIKE comparisons on citext columns (Alexey Chernyshov) To do this, the index must be created using the citext_pattern_ops operator class. Allow btree_gin to index bool, bpchar, name and uuid data types (Matheus Oliveira) Allow cube and seg extensions to perform index-only scans using GiST indexes (Andrey Borodin) Allow retrieval of negative cube coordinates using the ~> operator (Alexander Korotkov) This is useful for KNN-GiST searches when looking for coordinates in descending order. Add Vietnamese letter handling to the unaccent extension (Dang Minh Huong, Michael Paquier) Enhance amcheck to check that each heap tuple has an index entry (Peter Geoghegan) Have adminpack use the new default file system access roles (Stephen Frost) Previously, only superusers could call adminpack functions; now role permissions are checked. Widen pg_stat_statement's query ID to 64 bits (Robert Haas) This greatly reduces the chance of query ID hash collisions. The query ID can now potentially display as a negative value. Remove the contrib/start-scripts/osx scripts since they are no longer recommended (use contrib/start-scripts/macos instead) (Tom Lane) Remove the chkpass extension (Peter Eisentraut) This extension is no longer considered to be a usable security tool or example of how to write an extension. The following individuals (in alphabetical order) have contributed to this release as patch authors, committers, reviewers, testers, or reporters of issues. Abhijit Menon-Sen Adam Bielanski Adam Brightwell Adam Brusselback Aditya Toshniwal Adrián Escoms Adrien Nayrat Akos Vandra Aleksander Alekseev Aleksandr Parfenov Alexander Korotkov Alexander Kukushkin Alexander Kuzmenkov Alexander Lakhin Alexandre Garcia Alexey Bashtanov Alexey Chernyshov Alexey Kryuchkov Alik Khilazhev Álvaro Herrera Amit Kapila Amit Khandekar Amit Langote Amul Sul Anastasia Lubennikova Andreas Joseph Krogh Andreas Karlsson Andreas Seltenreich André Hänsel Andrei Gorita Andres Freund Andrew Dunstan Andrew Fletcher Andrew Gierth Andrew Grossman Andrew Krasichkov Andrey Borodin Andrey Lizenko Andy Abelisto Anthony Bykov Antoine Scemama Anton Dignös Antonin Houska Arseniy Sharoglazov Arseny Sher Arthur Zakirov Ashutosh Bapat Ashutosh Sharma Ashwin Agrawal Asim Praveen Atsushi Torikoshi Badrul Chowdhury Balazs Szilfai Basil Bourque Beena Emerson Ben Chobot Benjamin Coutu Bernd Helmle Blaz Merela Brad DeJong Brent Dearth Brian Cloutier Bruce Momjian Catalin Iacob Chad Trabant Chapman Flack Christian Duta Christian Ullrich Christoph Berg Christoph Dreis Christophe Courtois Christopher Jones Claudio Freire Clayton Salem Craig Ringer Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker Dan Vianello Dan Watson Dang Minh Huong Daniel Gustafsson Daniel Vérité Daniel Westermann Daniel Wood Darafei Praliaskouski Dave Cramer Dave Page David Binderman David Carlier David Fetter David G. Johnston David Gould David Hinkle David Pereiro Lagares David Rader David Rowley David Steele Davy Machado Dean Rasheed Dian Fay Dilip Kumar Dmitriy Sarafannikov Dmitry Dolgov Dmitry Ivanov Dmitry Shalashov Don Seiler Doug Doole Doug Rady Edmund Horner Eiji Seki Elvis Pranskevichus Emre Hasegeli Erik Rijkers Erwin Brandstetter Etsuro Fujita Euler Taveira Everaldo Canuto Fabien Coelho Fabrízio de Royes Mello Feike Steenbergen Frits Jalvingh Fujii Masao Gao Zengqi Gianni Ciolli Greg Stark Gunnlaugur Thor Briem Guo Xiang Tan Hadi Moshayedi Hailong Li Haribabu Kommi Heath Lord Heikki Linnakangas Hugo Mercier Igor Korot Igor Neyman Ildar Musin Ildus Kurbangaliev Ioseph Kim Jacob Champion Jaime Casanova Jakob Egger Jean-Pierre Pelletier Jeevan Chalke Jeevan Ladhe Jeff Davis Jeff Janes Jeremy Evans Jeremy Finzel Jeremy Schneider Jesper Pedersen Jim Nasby Jimmy Yih Jing Wang Jobin Augustine Joe Conway John Gorman John Naylor Jon Nelson Jon Wolski Jonathan Allen Jonathan S. Katz Julien Rouhaud Jürgen Purtz Justin Pryzby KaiGai Kohei Kaiting Chen Karl Lehenbauer Keith Fiske Kevin Bloch Kha Nguyen Kim Rose Carlsen Konstantin Knizhnik Kuntal Ghosh Kyle Samson Kyotaro Horiguchi Lætitia Avrot Lars Kanis Laurenz Albe Leonardo Cecchi Liudmila Mantrova Lixian Zou Lloyd Albin Luca Ferrari Lucas Fairchild Lukas Eder Lukas Fittl Magnus Hagander Mai Peng Maksim Milyutin Maksym Boguk Mansur Galiev Marc Dilger Marco Nenciarini Marina Polyakova Mario de Frutos Dieguez Mark Cave-Ayland Mark Dilger Mark Wood Marko Tiikkaja Markus Winand Martín Marqués Masahiko Sawada Matheus Oliveira Matthew Stickney Metin Doslu Michael Banck Michael Meskes Michael Paquier Michail Nikolaev Mike Blackwell Minh-Quan Tran Mithun Cy Morgan Owens Nathan Bossart Nathan Wagner Neil Conway Nick Barnes Nicolas Thauvin Nikhil Sontakke Nikita Glukhov Nikolay Shaplov Noah Misch Noriyoshi Shinoda Oleg Bartunov Oleg Samoilov Oliver Ford Pan Bian Pascal Legrand Patrick Hemmer Patrick Krecker Paul Bonaud Paul Guo Paul Ramsey Pavan Deolasee Pavan Maddamsetti Pavel Golub Pavel Stehule Peter Eisentraut Peter Geoghegan Petr Jelínek Petru-Florin Mihancea Phil Florent Philippe Beaudoin Pierre Ducroquet Piotr Stefaniak Prabhat Sahu Pu Qun QL Zhuo Rafia Sabih Rahila Syed Rainer Orth Rajkumar Raghuwanshi Raúl Marín Rodríguez Regina Obe Richard Yen Robert Haas Robins Tharakan Rod Taylor Rushabh Lathia Ryan Murphy Sahap Asci Samuel Horwitz Scott Ure Sean Johnston Shao Bret Shay Rojansky Shubham Barai Simon Riggs Simone Gotti Sivasubramanian Ramasubramanian Stas Kelvich Stefan Kaltenbrunner Stephen Froehlich Stephen Frost Steve Singer Steven Winfield Sven Kunze Taiki Kondo Takayuki Tsunakawa Takeshi Ideriha Tatsuo Ishii Tatsuro Yamada Teodor Sigaev Thom Brown Thomas Kellerer Thomas Munro Thomas Reiss Tobias Bussmann Todd A. Cook Tom Kazimiers Tom Lane Tomas Vondra Tomonari Katsumata Torsten Grust Tushar Ahuja Vaishnavi Prabakaran Vasundhar Boddapati Victor Drobny Victor Wagner Victor Yegorov Vik Fearing Vinayak Pokale Vincent Lachenal Vitaliy Garnashevich Vitaly Burovoy Vladimir Baranoff Xin Zhang Yi Wen Wong Yorick Peterse Yugo Nagata Yuqi Gu Yura Sokolov Yves Goergen Zhou Digoal