/*
 * This test is for ICU collations.
 */
SET client_encoding TO UTF8;
CREATE SCHEMA collate_tests;
SET search_path = collate_tests;
CREATE TABLE collate_test1 (
    a int,
    b text COLLATE "en-x-icu" NOT NULL
);
\d collate_test1
        Table "collate_tests.collate_test1"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
 a      | integer |           |          | 
 b      | text    | en-x-icu  | not null | 

CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
    a int,
    b text COLLATE "ja_JP.eucjp-x-icu"
);
ERROR:  collation "ja_JP.eucjp-x-icu" for encoding "UTF8" does not exist
LINE 3:     b text COLLATE "ja_JP.eucjp-x-icu"
                   ^
CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
    a int,
    b text COLLATE "foo-x-icu"
);
ERROR:  collation "foo-x-icu" for encoding "UTF8" does not exist
LINE 3:     b text COLLATE "foo-x-icu"
                   ^
CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
    a int COLLATE "en-x-icu",
    b text
);
ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
LINE 2:     a int COLLATE "en-x-icu",
                  ^
CREATE TABLE collate_test_like (
    LIKE collate_test1
);
\d collate_test_like
      Table "collate_tests.collate_test_like"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
 a      | integer |           |          | 
 b      | text    | en-x-icu  | not null | 

CREATE TABLE collate_test2 (
    a int,
    b text COLLATE "sv-x-icu"
);
CREATE TABLE collate_test3 (
    a int,
    b text COLLATE "C"
);
INSERT INTO collate_test1 VALUES (1, 'abc'), (2, 'äbc'), (3, 'bbc'), (4, 'ABC');
INSERT INTO collate_test2 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
INSERT INTO collate_test3 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b >= 'bbc';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 3 | bbc
(1 row)

SELECT * FROM collate_test2 WHERE b >= 'bbc';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
(2 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test3 WHERE b >= 'bbc';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
(2 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test3 WHERE b >= 'BBC';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
(3 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
(2 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b >= 'bbc' COLLATE "C";
 a |  b  
---+-----
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
(2 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "C";
 a |  b  
---+-----
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
(2 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "en-x-icu";
ERROR:  collation mismatch between explicit collations "C" and "en-x-icu"
LINE 1: ...* FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "e...
                                                             ^
CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_sv AS text COLLATE "sv-x-icu";
CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_i AS int COLLATE "sv-x-icu"; -- fails
ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
CREATE TABLE collate_test4 (
    a int,
    b testdomain_sv
);
INSERT INTO collate_test4 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
SELECT a, b FROM collate_test4 ORDER BY b;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

CREATE TABLE collate_test5 (
    a int,
    b testdomain_sv COLLATE "en-x-icu"
);
INSERT INTO collate_test5 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
SELECT a, b FROM collate_test5 ORDER BY b;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY b;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABC
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABC
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

-- star expansion
SELECT * FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY b;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABC
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

-- constant expression folding
SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "en-x-icu" > 'äbc' COLLATE "en-x-icu" AS "true";
 true 
------
 t
(1 row)

SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "sv-x-icu" > 'äbc' COLLATE "sv-x-icu" AS "false";
 false 
-------
 f
(1 row)

-- upper/lower
CREATE TABLE collate_test10 (
    a int,
    x text COLLATE "en-x-icu",
    y text COLLATE "tr-x-icu"
);
INSERT INTO collate_test10 VALUES (1, 'hij', 'hij'), (2, 'HIJ', 'HIJ');
SELECT a, lower(x), lower(y), upper(x), upper(y), initcap(x), initcap(y) FROM collate_test10;
 a | lower | lower | upper | upper | initcap | initcap 
---+-------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------
 1 | hij   | hij   | HIJ   | HİJ   | Hij     | Hij
 2 | hij   | hıj   | HIJ   | HIJ   | Hij     | Hıj
(2 rows)

SELECT a, lower(x COLLATE "C"), lower(y COLLATE "C") FROM collate_test10;
 a | lower | lower 
---+-------+-------
 1 | hij   | hij
 2 | hij   | hij
(2 rows)

SELECT a, x, y FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY lower(y), a;
 a |  x  |  y  
---+-----+-----
 2 | HIJ | HIJ
 1 | hij | hij
(2 rows)

-- LIKE/ILIKE
SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b LIKE 'abc';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
(1 row)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b LIKE 'abc%';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
(1 row)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b LIKE '%bc%';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
(3 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ILIKE 'abc';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
(2 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ILIKE 'abc%';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
(2 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ILIKE '%bc%';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
 4 | ABC
(4 rows)

SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "en-x-icu" ILIKE '%KI%' AS "true";
 true 
------
 t
(1 row)

SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "tr-x-icu" ILIKE '%KI%' AS "false";
 false 
-------
 f
(1 row)

SELECT 'bıt' ILIKE 'BIT' COLLATE "en-x-icu" AS "false";
 false 
-------
 f
(1 row)

SELECT 'bıt' ILIKE 'BIT' COLLATE "tr-x-icu" AS "true";
 true 
------
 t
(1 row)

-- The following actually exercises the selectivity estimation for ILIKE.
SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname ILIKE 'abc%';
 relname 
---------
(0 rows)

-- regular expressions
SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~ '^abc$';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
(1 row)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~ '^abc';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
(1 row)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~ 'bc';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
(3 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~* '^abc$';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
(2 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~* '^abc';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
(2 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~* 'bc';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
 4 | ABC
(4 rows)

CREATE TABLE collate_test6 (
    a int,
    b text COLLATE "en-x-icu"
);
INSERT INTO collate_test6 VALUES (1, 'abc'), (2, 'ABC'), (3, '123'), (4, 'ab1'),
                                 (5, 'a1!'), (6, 'a c'), (7, '!.;'), (8, '   '),
                                 (9, 'äbç'), (10, 'ÄBÇ');
SELECT b,
       b ~ '^[[:alpha:]]+$' AS is_alpha,
       b ~ '^[[:upper:]]+$' AS is_upper,
       b ~ '^[[:lower:]]+$' AS is_lower,
       b ~ '^[[:digit:]]+$' AS is_digit,
       b ~ '^[[:alnum:]]+$' AS is_alnum,
       b ~ '^[[:graph:]]+$' AS is_graph,
       b ~ '^[[:print:]]+$' AS is_print,
       b ~ '^[[:punct:]]+$' AS is_punct,
       b ~ '^[[:space:]]+$' AS is_space
FROM collate_test6;
  b  | is_alpha | is_upper | is_lower | is_digit | is_alnum | is_graph | is_print | is_punct | is_space 
-----+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------
 abc | t        | f        | t        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
 ABC | t        | t        | f        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
 123 | f        | f        | f        | t        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
 ab1 | f        | f        | f        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
 a1! | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | t        | t        | f        | f
 a c | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | t        | f        | f
 !.; | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f
     | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | t        | f        | t
 äbç | t        | f        | t        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
 ÄBÇ | t        | t        | f        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
(10 rows)

SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "en-x-icu" ~* 'KI' AS "true";
 true 
------
 t
(1 row)

SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "tr-x-icu" ~* 'KI' AS "true";  -- true with ICU
 true 
------
 t
(1 row)

SELECT 'bıt' ~* 'BIT' COLLATE "en-x-icu" AS "false";
 false 
-------
 f
(1 row)

SELECT 'bıt' ~* 'BIT' COLLATE "tr-x-icu" AS "false";  -- false with ICU
 false 
-------
 f
(1 row)

-- The following actually exercises the selectivity estimation for ~*.
SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~* '^abc';
 relname 
---------
(0 rows)

/* not run by default because it requires tr_TR system locale
-- to_char

SET lc_time TO 'tr_TR';
SELECT to_char(date '2010-04-01', 'DD TMMON YYYY');
SELECT to_char(date '2010-04-01', 'DD TMMON YYYY' COLLATE "tr-x-icu");
*/
-- backwards parsing
CREATE VIEW collview1 AS SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc';
CREATE VIEW collview2 AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
CREATE VIEW collview3 AS SELECT a, lower((x || x) COLLATE "C") FROM collate_test10;
SELECT table_name, view_definition FROM information_schema.views
  WHERE table_name LIKE 'collview%' ORDER BY 1;
 table_name |                             view_definition                              
------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 collview1  |  SELECT collate_test1.a,                                                +
            |     collate_test1.b                                                     +
            |    FROM collate_test1                                                   +
            |   WHERE ((collate_test1.b COLLATE "C") >= 'bbc'::text);
 collview2  |  SELECT collate_test1.a,                                                +
            |     collate_test1.b                                                     +
            |    FROM collate_test1                                                   +
            |   ORDER BY (collate_test1.b COLLATE "C");
 collview3  |  SELECT collate_test10.a,                                               +
            |     lower(((collate_test10.x || collate_test10.x) COLLATE "C")) AS lower+
            |    FROM collate_test10;
(3 rows)

-- collation propagation in various expression types
SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
 a | coalesce 
---+----------
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
 a | coalesce 
---+----------
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
 a | coalesce 
---+----------
 4 | ABC
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, lower(coalesce(x, 'foo')), lower(coalesce(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
 a | lower | lower 
---+-------+-------
 1 | hij   | hij
 2 | hij   | hıj
(2 rows)

SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 3;
 a |  b  | greatest 
---+-----+----------
 1 | abc | CCC
 2 | äbc | CCC
 3 | bbc | CCC
 4 | ABC | CCC
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 3;
 a |  b  | greatest 
---+-----+----------
 1 | abc | CCC
 3 | bbc | CCC
 4 | ABC | CCC
 2 | äbc | äbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 3;
 a |  b  | greatest 
---+-----+----------
 4 | ABC | CCC
 1 | abc | abc
 3 | bbc | bbc
 2 | äbc | äbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, x, y, lower(greatest(x, 'foo')), lower(greatest(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
 a |  x  |  y  | lower | lower 
---+-----+-----+-------+-------
 1 | hij | hij | hij   | hij
 2 | HIJ | HIJ | hij   | hıj
(2 rows)

SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
 a | nullif 
---+--------
 4 | ABC
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
 1 | 
(4 rows)

SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
 a | nullif 
---+--------
 4 | ABC
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
 1 | 
(4 rows)

SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
 a | nullif 
---+--------
 4 | ABC
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
 1 | 
(4 rows)

SELECT a, lower(nullif(x, 'foo')), lower(nullif(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
 a | lower | lower 
---+-------+-------
 1 | hij   | hij
 2 | hij   | hıj
(2 rows)

SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b   
---+------
 4 | ABC
 2 | äbc
 1 | abcd
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b   
---+------
 4 | ABC
 1 | abcd
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b   
---+------
 4 | ABC
 1 | abcd
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

CREATE DOMAIN testdomain AS text;
SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABC
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b::testdomain_sv FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, lower(x::testdomain), lower(y::testdomain) FROM collate_test10;
 a | lower | lower 
---+-------+-------
 1 | hij   | hij
 2 | hij   | hıj
(2 rows)

SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test1;
 min | max 
-----+-----
 abc | bbc
(1 row)

SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test2;
 min | max 
-----+-----
 abc | äbc
(1 row)

SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test3;
 min | max 
-----+-----
 ABC | äbc
(1 row)

SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1;
     array_agg     
-------------------
 {abc,ABC,äbc,bbc}
(1 row)

SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2;
     array_agg     
-------------------
 {abc,ABC,bbc,äbc}
(1 row)

SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test3;
     array_agg     
-------------------
 {ABC,abc,bbc,äbc}
(1 row)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 4 | ABC
 2 | äbc
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
 3 | bbc
(8 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 WHERE a < 4 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 WHERE a > 1 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(2 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 WHERE a < 2 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABC
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(3 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
ERROR:  could not determine which collation to use for string comparison
HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3; -- ok
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
 4 | ABC
 1 | abc
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
 4 | ABC
(8 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "en-x-icu" and "C"
LINE 1: SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collat...
                                                       ^
HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
SELECT a, b COLLATE "C" FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- ok
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABC
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "en-x-icu" and "C"
LINE 1: ...ELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM col...
                                                             ^
HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "en-x-icu" and "C"
LINE 1: SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM colla...
                                                        ^
HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
CREATE TABLE test_u AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3; -- fail
ERROR:  no collation was derived for column "b" with collatable type text
HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
-- ideally this would be a parse-time error, but for now it must be run-time:
select x < y from collate_test10; -- fail
ERROR:  could not determine which collation to use for string comparison
HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
select x || y from collate_test10; -- ok, because || is not collation aware
 ?column? 
----------
 hijhij
 HIJHIJ
(2 rows)

select x, y from collate_test10 order by x || y; -- not so ok
ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "en-x-icu" and "tr-x-icu"
LINE 1: select x, y from collate_test10 order by x || y;
                                                      ^
HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
-- collation mismatch between recursive and non-recursive term
WITH RECURSIVE foo(x) AS
   (SELECT x FROM (VALUES('a' COLLATE "en-x-icu"),('b')) t(x)
   UNION ALL
   SELECT (x || 'c') COLLATE "de-x-icu" FROM foo WHERE length(x) < 10)
SELECT * FROM foo;
ERROR:  recursive query "foo" column 1 has collation "en-x-icu" in non-recursive term but collation "de-x-icu" overall
LINE 2:    (SELECT x FROM (VALUES('a' COLLATE "en-x-icu"),('b')) t(x...
                   ^
HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation of the non-recursive term.
-- casting
SELECT CAST('42' AS text COLLATE "C");
ERROR:  syntax error at or near "COLLATE"
LINE 1: SELECT CAST('42' AS text COLLATE "C");
                                 ^
SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABC
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

-- propagation of collation in SQL functions (inlined and non-inlined cases)
-- and plpgsql functions too
CREATE FUNCTION mylt (text, text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE sql
    AS $$ select $1 < $2 $$;
CREATE FUNCTION mylt_noninline (text, text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE sql
    AS $$ select $1 < $2 limit 1 $$;
CREATE FUNCTION mylt_plpgsql (text, text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE plpgsql
    AS $$ begin return $1 < $2; end $$;
SELECT a.b AS a, b.b AS b, a.b < b.b AS lt,
       mylt(a.b, b.b), mylt_noninline(a.b, b.b), mylt_plpgsql(a.b, b.b)
FROM collate_test1 a, collate_test1 b
ORDER BY a.b, b.b;
  a  |  b  | lt | mylt | mylt_noninline | mylt_plpgsql 
-----+-----+----+------+----------------+--------------
 abc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
 abc | ABC | t  | t    | t              | t
 abc | äbc | t  | t    | t              | t
 abc | bbc | t  | t    | t              | t
 ABC | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
 ABC | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
 ABC | äbc | t  | t    | t              | t
 ABC | bbc | t  | t    | t              | t
 äbc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
 äbc | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
 äbc | äbc | f  | f    | f              | f
 äbc | bbc | t  | t    | t              | t
 bbc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
 bbc | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
 bbc | äbc | f  | f    | f              | f
 bbc | bbc | f  | f    | f              | f
(16 rows)

SELECT a.b AS a, b.b AS b, a.b < b.b COLLATE "C" AS lt,
       mylt(a.b, b.b COLLATE "C"), mylt_noninline(a.b, b.b COLLATE "C"),
       mylt_plpgsql(a.b, b.b COLLATE "C")
FROM collate_test1 a, collate_test1 b
ORDER BY a.b, b.b;
  a  |  b  | lt | mylt | mylt_noninline | mylt_plpgsql 
-----+-----+----+------+----------------+--------------
 abc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
 abc | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
 abc | äbc | t  | t    | t              | t
 abc | bbc | t  | t    | t              | t
 ABC | abc | t  | t    | t              | t
 ABC | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
 ABC | äbc | t  | t    | t              | t
 ABC | bbc | t  | t    | t              | t
 äbc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
 äbc | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
 äbc | äbc | f  | f    | f              | f
 äbc | bbc | f  | f    | f              | f
 bbc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
 bbc | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
 bbc | äbc | t  | t    | t              | t
 bbc | bbc | f  | f    | f              | f
(16 rows)

-- collation override in plpgsql
CREATE FUNCTION mylt2 (x text, y text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
declare
  xx text := x;
  yy text := y;
begin
  return xx < yy;
end
$$;
SELECT mylt2('a', 'B' collate "en-x-icu") as t, mylt2('a', 'B' collate "C") as f;
 t | f 
---+---
 t | f
(1 row)

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION
  mylt2 (x text, y text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
declare
  xx text COLLATE "POSIX" := x;
  yy text := y;
begin
  return xx < yy;
end
$$;
SELECT mylt2('a', 'B') as f;
 f 
---
 f
(1 row)

SELECT mylt2('a', 'B' collate "C") as fail; -- conflicting collations
ERROR:  could not determine which collation to use for string comparison
HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function mylt2(text,text) line 6 at RETURN
SELECT mylt2('a', 'B' collate "POSIX") as f;
 f 
---
 f
(1 row)

-- polymorphism
SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1)) ORDER BY 1;
 unnest 
--------
 abc
 ABC
 äbc
 bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2)) ORDER BY 1;
 unnest 
--------
 abc
 ABC
 bbc
 äbc
(4 rows)

SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test3)) ORDER BY 1;
 unnest 
--------
 ABC
 abc
 bbc
 äbc
(4 rows)

CREATE FUNCTION dup (anyelement) RETURNS anyelement
    AS 'select $1' LANGUAGE sql;
SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
 a | dup 
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 2 | äbc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
 a | dup 
---+-----
 1 | abc
 4 | ABC
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
 a | dup 
---+-----
 4 | ABC
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
 2 | äbc
(4 rows)

-- indexes
CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx1 ON collate_test1 (b);
CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx2 ON collate_test1 (b COLLATE "C");
CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx3 ON collate_test1 ((b COLLATE "C")); -- this is different grammatically
CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx4 ON collate_test1 (((b||'foo') COLLATE "POSIX"));
CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx5 ON collate_test1 (a COLLATE "C"); -- fail
ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx6 ON collate_test1 ((a COLLATE "C")); -- fail
ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
LINE 1: ...ATE INDEX collate_test1_idx6 ON collate_test1 ((a COLLATE "C...
                                                             ^
SELECT relname, pg_get_indexdef(oid) FROM pg_class WHERE relname LIKE 'collate_test%_idx%' ORDER BY 1;
      relname       |                                                  pg_get_indexdef                                                  
--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 collate_test1_idx1 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx1 ON collate_tests.collate_test1 USING btree (b)
 collate_test1_idx2 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx2 ON collate_tests.collate_test1 USING btree (b COLLATE "C")
 collate_test1_idx3 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx3 ON collate_tests.collate_test1 USING btree (b COLLATE "C")
 collate_test1_idx4 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx4 ON collate_tests.collate_test1 USING btree (((b || 'foo'::text)) COLLATE "POSIX")
(4 rows)

-- schema manipulation commands
CREATE ROLE regress_test_role;
CREATE SCHEMA test_schema;
-- We need to do this this way to cope with varying names for encodings:
do $$
BEGIN
  EXECUTE 'CREATE COLLATION test0 (provider = icu, locale = ' ||
          quote_literal(current_setting('lc_collate')) || ');';
END
$$;
CREATE COLLATION test0 FROM "C"; -- fail, duplicate name
ERROR:  collation "test0" already exists
do $$
BEGIN
  EXECUTE 'CREATE COLLATION test1 (provider = icu, lc_collate = ' ||
          quote_literal(current_setting('lc_collate')) ||
          ', lc_ctype = ' ||
          quote_literal(current_setting('lc_ctype')) || ');';
END
$$;
CREATE COLLATION test3 (provider = icu, lc_collate = 'en_US.utf8'); -- fail, need lc_ctype
ERROR:  parameter "lc_ctype" must be specified
CREATE COLLATION testx (provider = icu, locale = 'nonsense'); /* never fails with ICU */  DROP COLLATION testx;
CREATE COLLATION test4 FROM nonsense;
ERROR:  collation "nonsense" for encoding "UTF8" does not exist
CREATE COLLATION test5 FROM test0;
SELECT collname FROM pg_collation WHERE collname LIKE 'test%' ORDER BY 1;
 collname 
----------
 test0
 test1
 test5
(3 rows)

ALTER COLLATION test1 RENAME TO test11;
ALTER COLLATION test0 RENAME TO test11; -- fail
ERROR:  collation "test11" already exists in schema "collate_tests"
ALTER COLLATION test1 RENAME TO test22; -- fail
ERROR:  collation "test1" for encoding "UTF8" does not exist
ALTER COLLATION test11 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
ALTER COLLATION test11 OWNER TO nonsense;
ERROR:  role "nonsense" does not exist
ALTER COLLATION test11 SET SCHEMA test_schema;
COMMENT ON COLLATION test0 IS 'US English';
SELECT collname, nspname, obj_description(pg_collation.oid, 'pg_collation')
    FROM pg_collation JOIN pg_namespace ON (collnamespace = pg_namespace.oid)
    WHERE collname LIKE 'test%'
    ORDER BY 1;
 collname |    nspname    | obj_description 
----------+---------------+-----------------
 test0    | collate_tests | US English
 test11   | test_schema   | 
 test5    | collate_tests | 
(3 rows)

DROP COLLATION test0, test_schema.test11, test5;
DROP COLLATION test0; -- fail
ERROR:  collation "test0" for encoding "UTF8" does not exist
DROP COLLATION IF EXISTS test0;
NOTICE:  collation "test0" does not exist, skipping
SELECT collname FROM pg_collation WHERE collname LIKE 'test%';
 collname 
----------
(0 rows)

DROP SCHEMA test_schema;
DROP ROLE regress_test_role;
-- ALTER
ALTER COLLATION "en-x-icu" REFRESH VERSION;
NOTICE:  version has not changed
-- dependencies
CREATE COLLATION test0 FROM "C";
CREATE TABLE collate_dep_test1 (a int, b text COLLATE test0);
CREATE DOMAIN collate_dep_dom1 AS text COLLATE test0;
CREATE TYPE collate_dep_test2 AS (x int, y text COLLATE test0);
CREATE VIEW collate_dep_test3 AS SELECT text 'foo' COLLATE test0 AS foo;
CREATE TABLE collate_dep_test4t (a int, b text);
CREATE INDEX collate_dep_test4i ON collate_dep_test4t (b COLLATE test0);
DROP COLLATION test0 RESTRICT; -- fail
ERROR:  cannot drop collation test0 because other objects depend on it
DETAIL:  column b of table collate_dep_test1 depends on collation test0
type collate_dep_dom1 depends on collation test0
column y of composite type collate_dep_test2 depends on collation test0
view collate_dep_test3 depends on collation test0
index collate_dep_test4i depends on collation test0
HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
DROP COLLATION test0 CASCADE;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to 5 other objects
DETAIL:  drop cascades to column b of table collate_dep_test1
drop cascades to type collate_dep_dom1
drop cascades to column y of composite type collate_dep_test2
drop cascades to view collate_dep_test3
drop cascades to index collate_dep_test4i
\d collate_dep_test1
      Table "collate_tests.collate_dep_test1"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
 a      | integer |           |          | 

\d collate_dep_test2
 Composite type "collate_tests.collate_dep_test2"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
 x      | integer |           |          | 

DROP TABLE collate_dep_test1, collate_dep_test4t;
DROP TYPE collate_dep_test2;
-- test range types and collations
create type textrange_c as range(subtype=text, collation="C");
create type textrange_en_us as range(subtype=text, collation="en-x-icu");
select textrange_c('A','Z') @> 'b'::text;
 ?column? 
----------
 f
(1 row)

select textrange_en_us('A','Z') @> 'b'::text;
 ?column? 
----------
 t
(1 row)

drop type textrange_c;
drop type textrange_en_us;
-- cleanup
DROP SCHEMA collate_tests CASCADE;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to 18 other objects
DETAIL:  drop cascades to table collate_test1
drop cascades to table collate_test_like
drop cascades to table collate_test2
drop cascades to table collate_test3
drop cascades to type testdomain_sv
drop cascades to table collate_test4
drop cascades to table collate_test5
drop cascades to table collate_test10
drop cascades to table collate_test6
drop cascades to view collview1
drop cascades to view collview2
drop cascades to view collview3
drop cascades to type testdomain
drop cascades to function mylt(text,text)
drop cascades to function mylt_noninline(text,text)
drop cascades to function mylt_plpgsql(text,text)
drop cascades to function mylt2(text,text)
drop cascades to function dup(anyelement)
RESET search_path;
-- leave a collation for pg_upgrade test
CREATE COLLATION coll_icu_upgrade FROM "und-x-icu";